The three main types of lathe tools are turning tools, facing tools, and parting (cut-off) tools.
Turning tools are used to reduce the diameter of a workpiece, while facing tools create a flat surface at the end.
Parting tools are used to cut off or separate the finished workpiece from the material.
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Three types of lathe tools:
Lathe tools can be classified in different ways, but when a question asks for “three types of lathe tools”, it usually refers to classification based on function (operation). The three main types are:
1. Turning Tool
Definition
A turning tool is used to remove material from the outer surface of a rotating workpiece to reduce its diameter.
Types of Turning Tools
- Roughing tool → removes large amounts of material quickly
- Finishing tool → gives smooth surface finish
- Right-hand turning tool → cuts from right to left
- Left-hand turning tool → cuts from left to right
Features
- Has a side cutting edge angle for efficient cutting
- Moderate rake and relief angles
Applications
- Straight turning
- Step turning
- Taper turning
2. Facing Tool
Definition
A facing tool is used to machine the end surface of a workpiece to make it flat and perpendicular to the axis.
Characteristics
- Cutting edge is oriented radially
- Removes material from the face (end) of the job
Features
- Larger side cutting edge angle
- Proper end relief to avoid rubbing
Applications
- Producing flat surfaces
- Preparing surface for further machining
3. Parting-Off (Cut-Off) Tool
Definition
A parting tool is used to cut off a part from the main workpiece.
Characteristics
- Thin, narrow blade-like tool
- Cuts deep into the workpiece
Features
- Small or zero side rake angle
- Adequate clearance angle to reduce friction
Applications
- Cutting finished component from bar
- Making grooves (similar tool used for grooving)
Quick Comparison
| Tool Type | Purpose | Cutting Direction | Shape |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turning Tool | Reduce diameter | Longitudinal | Strong, angled edge |
| Facing Tool | Flat surface | Radial | Broad cutting edge |
| Parting Tool | Cut-off | Perpendicular | Thin blade |
Summary:
- Turning → Lengthwise cutting
- Facing → End surface cutting
- Parting → Cutting into two pieces
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